AP Calculus AB and BC glossary

Rectilinear motion

Also called: Motion along a line

Rectilinear motion is movement along a straight line. Position differentiates to velocity, velocity differentiates to acceleration, and integrating runs the chain backwards, which is why one motion problem can test both halves of the course.

v(t)=x(t),a(t)=v(t)=x(t)v(t) = x'(t), \quad a(t) = v'(t) = x''(t)

The particle changes direction where velocity changes sign, not where acceleration does. Speed increases when velocity and acceleration share a sign, which is the most commonly tested subtlety in the topic.

The mistake

Confusing displacement with total distance. Displacement integrates velocity; total distance integrates the absolute value of velocity, and they differ whenever the particle turns around.

Appears in: Unit 4: Contextual Applications, Unit 8: Applications of Integration