AP Calculus AB and BC glossary

Product rule

The product rule differentiates a product of two functions: multiply the first by the derivative of the second, then add the second times the derivative of the first. The derivative of a product is never the product of the derivatives.

ddx[f(x)g(x)]=f(x)g(x)+g(x)f(x)\frac{d}{dx}\left[f(x)g(x)\right] = f(x)g'(x) + g(x)f'(x)

The rule is needed only when both factors contain the variable. If one factor is a constant, the constant multiple rule applies and the work is much shorter.

The mistake

Writing the derivative of a product as f(x)g(x)f'(x)g'(x). Testing it on xx=x2x \cdot x = x^2 shows the error immediately: the correct answer is 2x2x, not 1.

The product rule explains a result that puzzles most economics students. Total revenue is price times quantity, and when price itself depends on quantity the derivative picks up a second term, so marginal revenue is the price plus a negative correction rather than just the price: marginal revenue.

Appears in: Unit 2: Defining the Derivative