AP Calculus AB and BC glossary

Mean Value Theorem

Also called: MVT

The Mean Value Theorem says that if a function is continuous on a closed interval and differentiable on the open interval, then somewhere inside there is a point where the instantaneous rate of change equals the average rate of change across the whole interval.

f(c)=f(b)f(a)baf'(c) = \frac{f(b) - f(a)}{b - a}

Geometrically, some tangent line is parallel to the secant line joining the endpoints. In a motion context it says that if you average 60 miles per hour over a trip, at some instant your speedometer read exactly 60.

The two hypotheses differ deliberately: continuity is required on the closed interval including endpoints, while differentiability is only required on the open interior. Stating both is required for credit.

The mistake

Applying it to a function with a corner inside the interval. The absolute value function on [1,1][-1, 1] has average rate zero but no point where the derivative is zero, because it is not differentiable at the origin.

Appears in: Unit 5: Analytical Applications